RESEARCH ARTICLES
Community Conservation researchers have published and stimulated publications in a number of professional journals. A selected list of related topics is given below.
Anonymous. 1989. Belizeans Conserve Their Howler Monkeys. International Primate Protection League Newsletter, 16(1):12. (download pdf)
Anonymous. 1998. Transcript of Stakeholders' Workshop, Sarstoon-Temash National Park, February 22, 1997, Community Center Barranco Village, Toledo District, Belize, Producciones de la Hamaca, Caye Caluker, Belize, and Community Conservation Consultants, Gays Mills, Wisconsin, 39 pp. (download pdf)
Bernstein, Scott E. 2005. Defining and Building Community Capacity for Co-Management of Protected Areas in Belize. Master's Thesis. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies. Contact: scottbern@gmail.com or sebernstein@wisc.edu. (download pdf)
_____. 2005. Thirteen Training Objectives for Community-based Conservation. (Expanded description of the 13 training objectives identified in above Master's Thesis.) 3 pgs. (download pdf)
_____. 2005. Training Chart. (Chart comparing 6 evaluation/training methods to derive 13 training objectives identified in above Master's Thesis.) 2 pgs. (download pdf)
Bider, Jeanette J. 1997. Avian Use of Tropical Gallery Forest Patches in North-central Belize . Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arkansas.
Bruner, G.H. 1993. Evaluating a Model of Private-ownership Conservation: Ecotourism in the Community Baboon Sanctuary in Belize . M.S. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology.
Hartup, B. K. 1989. An Alternative Conservation Model for Tropical Areas: The Community Baboon Sanctuary . M.S. Thesis (Land Resources), University of Wisconsin, Madison.
_____. 1994. Community Conservation in Belize: Demography, Resource Use, and Attitudes of Participating Landowners. Biological Conservation , 69: 235-241.
Horwich, R.H. 1986. A Community Baboon Sanctuary in Belize. Primate Conservation, 7: 15-17. (download pdf)
_____. 1987. Community-based Sanctuary for the Black Howler Monkey. Honourable Mention, The Rolex Awards for Enterprise - 1987. Exerpt from: Spirit of Enterprise, The 1987 Rolex Awards, Van Nostrand Reinhold Ltd., Berkshire, England, pp. 436-438. (download pdf)
_____. 1988. The Community Baboon Sanctuary: An Approach to the Conservation of Private Lands, Belize. In: Saving the Tropical Forests , J. Gradwohl and R. Greenberg (eds.), Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, pp. 72-75. (download pdf)
_____. 1990. How to Develop a Community Sanctuary - An Experimental Approach to the Conservation of Private Lands. Oryx , 24: 95-102. (download pdf)
_____. 1993. Community Sanctuaries: Present and Future Goals. In: Estudios Primatologicos en Mexico , A. Estrada, E. Rodriguez-Luna, R. Lopez-Wilchis, and R. Coates-Estrada (eds.), Biblioteca Universidad Veracruzana, pp. 357-359. (download pdf)
_____. 1994. Community Conservation Consultants - Catalysts for Rural Conservation. Neotropical Primates , 2(2): 24-26. (download pdf)
_____. 1995. Making a Difference. In: Bring Back the Birds , R. Greenberg and J. Reaser (eds.), Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA, pp. 84-87. (download pdf)
_____. 1998. Community-based Development as a Conservation Tool: The Community Baboon Sanctuary and the Gales Point, Manatee Project. In: Timber, Tourists and Temples, Conservation and Community Development in the Maya Forest of Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico , R. B. Primack, D. Bray, H.A. Galletti and I. Ponciano (eds.), Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 343-363. (download pdf)
_____. 1998. Effective Solutions for Howler Conservation. International Journal of Primatology, 19(3): 579-598. (link to abstract)
_____. 2005. Communities Saving Wisconsin Birds: North and South. The Passenger Pigeon (Vol. 67, No. 1): 85-98. (download pdf)
_____. 2005. A Landowner's Handbook of Relevant Environmental Law in Papua New Guinea. Written for: The Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program, Dr. Lisa Dabek, Director of Conservation, Woodland Park Zoo Seattle, WA . Community Conservation, Gays Mills, WI: 51 pp. (download pdf)
_____, and B. Boardman. 1993. Community Conservation and Ecotourism Gales Point, Manatee. Belize Review (April): 14-20. (download pdf)
_____, and M. Jones. 1998. Wildlife Conservation Crosses International Borders. Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation, 21(3-4): 29-30. (download pdf)
_____, and J. Lyon. 1987. Development of the "Community Baboon Sanctuary" in Belize: An Experiment in Grass Roots Conservation. Primate Conservation , 8: 32-34. (download pdf)
_____, and J. Lyon. 1988. An Experimental Technique for the Conservation of Private Lands. Journal of Medical Primatology , 17: 169-176. (download pdf)
_____, and J. Lyon. 1993. Tropical Forest Fragments and Black Howler Monkey Conservation in Belize. In: Forest Remnants In the Tropical Landscape: Benefits and Policy Implications , R. Greenberg (ed.), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. pp.69-70. (download pdf)
_____, and J. Lyon. 1995. Multi-Level Conservation and Education at the Community Baboon Sanctuary, Belize. In: Conserving Wildlife: International Education and Communication Approaches , S.K. Jacobson (ed.), Columbia University Press, NY, pp. 235-253. (download pdf)
_____, and J. Lyon. 1998. Community-Based Develoment as a Conservation Tool: The Community Baboon Sanctuary and the Gales Point Manatee Project. In: Timber, Tourists and Temples, Conservation and Development in the Maya Forest of Belize, Guatemala and Mexico, R.B. Primack, D. Bray, H.A. Galetti, and I. Ponciano (eds.), Island Press, Covelo, CA, pp. 343-363. (download pdf) (en espanol, download pdf)
_____, and J. Lyon. 1999. Rural Ecotourism as a Conservation Tool. In: Tourism Development in the Critical Environments , T.V. Singh (ed.), Cognizant Communication Corp., NY, pp. 102-119. (download pdf)
_____, and J. Lyon. 2007. Community Conservation: Practitioners' Answer to Critics. Oryx, 41(3), 376-385. (download pdf)
© 2007 FFI, Oryx (link to Oryx website).
_____, J. Lyon, and Scott Bernstein. 2004. An Evaluation Tool for Internal and External Assessments of Community-Based Conservation Projects. Unpublished Manuscript. 28 pp. (download pdf)
_____, D. Murray, E. Saqui, J. Lyon, and D. Godfrey. 1993. Ecotourism and Community Development: A View from Belize. In: Ecotourism, A Guide for Planners and Managers , K. Lindberg and D.E. Hawkins (eds.), The Ecotourism Society, Bennington, VT, pp. 152-168. (download pdf)
Jones, C.B. & R.H. Horwich. 2005. Constructive Criticism of Community-Based Conservation. Conservation Biology, Letters, 19(4): 990-991. (download pdf)
_____, C.B. & J. Young. 2004. Hunting Restraint by Creoles at the Community Baboon Sanctuary, Belize: A Preliminary Survey. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 7(2): 127-141. (download pdf)
Lavendel, B. 2000. The Father of Community Conservation. Animals, 133(13): 17,35. (download pdf)
Lindberg, K. and J. Enriquez. 1994. An Analysis of Ecotourism's Economic Contribution to Conservation and Development in Belize . World Wildlife Fund, Washington D.C, two volumes.
Lipske, M. 1992. How a Monkey Saved the Jungle. International Wildlife, 22(1): 38-43. (download pdf)
Long, V.H. 1992. Tourism Development, Conservation and Anthropology: a Necessary Mix. Practicing Anthropology , 14(2): 14-17.
_____. 1993. Nature Tourism: Environmental Salvation or Environmental Stress? In: Leisure and Tourism: Social and Environmental Change , A.J. Veal, P. Jonson and G. Cushman, eds., World Leisure and Recreation Association, Sharbot Lake, Ontario, pp. 615-623.
_____. 1993. Monkey Business: Mixing Business With the Environment. Business Mexico , January: 23, 26. (download pdf)
_____. 1994. Techniques for Socially Sustainable Tourism Development: Lessons from Mexico. In: Tourism and Sustainable Development: Monitoring, Planning, and Managing , J.G. Nelson, R. Butler and G. Wall (eds.), Dept. of Geography Publication Series No. 37, University of Waterloo, pp. 201-218.
Lyon, J. and R. H. Horwich. 1996. Modification of Tropical Forest Patches for Wildlife Protection and Community Conservation In Belize. In: Forest Patches in Tropical Landscapes , J. Shelhas and R. Greenberg (eds.), Island Press, Washington, D.C., pp 205-230. (download pdf)
Brockett, R.C., R.H. Horwich, and C.B. Jones. 1999. Disappearance of Infants Following Male Takeovers in the Belizean Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra). Neotropical Primates, 7(3): 86-88. (download pdf)
_____, R.H. Horwich, and C.B. Jones. 2000. Female Dispersal in the Belizean Black Howling Monkey (Alouatta pigra). Neotropical Primates, 8(1): 32-34. (download pdf)
_____, R.H. Horwich, and C.B. Jones. 2000. A Model for the Interpretation of Grooming Patterns Applied to the Belizean Black Howling Monkey (Alouatta pigra). Primate Report 56: 23-32. (download pdf)
_____, R.H. Horwich, and C.B. Jones. 2000. Reproductive Seasonality in the Belizean Black Howling Monkey (Alouatta pigra). Neotropical Primates, 8(4): 136-138. (download pdf)
_____, R.H. Horwich, and C.B. Jones. 2005. Hand-Holding by Belizean Black Howler Monkeys: Intentional Communication in a Neotropical Primate. Folia Primatol, Brief Report, 76: 227-230. (download pdf)
Horwich, R.H. 1972. Home Range and Food Habits of the Nilgiri Langur, Presbytis johnii. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 69 (2): 255-267. (download pdf)
_____. 1976. The Whooping Display in Nilgiri Langurs: An Example of Daily Fluctuations Superimposed on a General Trend. Primates, 17(4): 419-431. (download pdf)
_____. 1980. Behavioral Rhythms in the Nilgiri Langur, Presbytis johnii. Primates, 21(2): 220-229. (download pdf)
_____. 1983. Breeding Behaviors in the Black Howler Monkey, (Alouatta pigra) of Belize. Primates, 24(2): 222-230. (download pdf)
_____. 1983. Roaring Rhythms in Black Howler Monkeys, (Alouatta pigra) of Belize. Primates, 24(2): 290-296. (download pdf)
_____. 1983. Species Status of the Black Howler Monkey, (Alouatta pigra) of Belize. Primates, 24(2): 288-289. (download pdf)
_____. 1984. Geographic Distribution and Status of the Black Howler Monkey. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Newsletter. 4(March): 25-27. (download pdf)
_____. 1986. Geographical Distribution of the Black Howler (Alouatta pigra) in Central America. Primates, 27(1): 53-62. (download pdf)
_____. 1989. Status of Primatology in Belize. Boletin Primatologico Latinoamericana , 1: 6-14. (download pdf)
_____. 1989. The Geographic Distribution of the Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) in Central America and Efforts to Conserve it in Belize. In: Primatologia en Mexico: Comportamiento, ecologia, approvechamiento y conservacion de primates , A. Estrada, R. Lopez-Wilchis, and R. Coates-Estrada (eds.), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico, pp. 191-201. (download pdf)
_____, R.C. Brockett, R.A. James, and C.B. Jones. 2001. Population Growth in the Belizean Black Howling Monkey (Alouatta pigra). Neotropical Primates, 9(1): 1-7. (download pdf)
_____, R.C. Brockett, R.A. James, and C.B. Jones. 2001. Population Structure and Group Productivity of the Belizean Black Howling Monkey (Alouatta pigra): Implications for Female Socioecology. Primate Report 61:47-65. download pdf)
_____, R.C. Brockett, and C.B. Jones. 2000. Alternative Male Reproductive Behaviors in the Belizean Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra). Neotropical Primates, 8(3): 95-98. (download pdf)
_____, and E. D. Johnson. 1986. Geographic Distribution of the Black Howler ( Alouatta pigra ) in Central America. Primates 27: 53-62.
_____, F. Koontz, E. Saqui, H. Saqui, and K. Glander. 1993. A Reintroduction Program for the Conservation of the Black Howler Monkey in Belize. Endangered Species Update, 10 (6): 1-6. (download pdf)
_____, F. Koontz, E. Saqui, L. Ostro, S. Silver, and K. Glander. 2002. Translocation of Black Howler Monkeys in Belize. Re-introduction News, 21: 10-12. (download pdf)
_____, and L. LaFrance. 1972. The Mountain Guereza. Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 43(11): 2-5. (download pdf)
James, R.A. 1992. Genetic Variation in Belizean Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) . Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers University.
Kitchen, D.M., R.H. Horwich, and R.A. James. 2004. Subordinate Male Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) Responses to Loud Calls: Experimental Evidence for the Effects of Intra-Group Male Relationships and Age. Behavior, 141(6): 703-723. (download pdf)
Koontz, F. 1993. Trading Places. Wildlife Conservation, 96(3): 52-59. (download pdf)
_____, R. Horwich, E. Saqui, H. Saqui, K. Glander, C. Koontz, W. Westrom. 1994. Reintroduction of Black Howler Monkeys ( Alouatta pigra ) into the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Belize. In: AZA Annual Conference Proceedings, Wheeling, West Virginia , American Zoo and Aquarium Association, pp. 104-111. (download pdf)
Ostro, L. E. T., S. C. Silver, F. W. Koontz, T. P. Young and R. H. Horwich. 1998. Ranging Behavior of Translocated and Established Groups of Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Belize, Central America. Biological Conservation , 87: 181-190. (download pdf)
Ostro, L. E. T., S. C. Silver, F. W. Koontz, R. H. Horwich, and R. Brockett. 2001. Shifts in Social Structure of Black Howler (Alouatta pigra) Groups Associated with Natural and Experimental Variation in Population Density. International Journal of Primatology, 22(5): 733-748. (link to abstract)
Schneider, E.C., L. F. Hunter, and R.H. Horwich. 1999. Adoption of a Young Juvenile in Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra). Neotropical Primates, 7(2): 47-51. (download pdf)
Silver, S. C., L. E. T. Ostro, C. P. Yeager, and R. H. Horwich. 1998. The Feeding Ecology of the Black Howler Monkey ( Alouatta pigra ) in Northern Belize. American Journal of Primatology , Wiley-Liss, Inc., 45: 263-279. (download pdf)
World Wildlife Fund. 1997. Howler Monkey. 10 pgs. (download pdf)
Hartup, B.K. and R.H. Horwich. 1994. Early Parental Care and Chick Development in a Cross-Fostering Trial with White-Naped (Grus vipio) and Greater Sandhill (Grus canadensis tabida) Cranes. Bird Behavior, 10: 21-27. (download pdf)
Horwich, R.H. 1985. Crane Rearing Techniques. Newsletter of the Wildlife Preservation Trust: On the Edge, 28: 1,7. (download pdf)
_____. 1986. Reintroduction of Sandhill Cranes to the Wild. The ICF Bugle, 12(4): 1,4-5. (download pdf)
_____. 1987. Behavioral Development in the Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonensis). Zoo Biology, 6:379-389. (download pdf)
_____. 1989. Use of Surrogate Parental Models and Age Periods in a Successful Release of Hand-reared Sandhill Cranes. Zoo Biology , 8: 379-390. (download pdf)
_____. 1996. Imprinting, Attachment, and Behavioral Development in Cranes. In: Cranes: Their Biology, Husbandry, and Conservation; Chapter 6, Behavior Management, D.H. Ellis, G.F. Gee, and C.M. Mirande (eds.), National Biological Service/International Crane Foundation, Washington DC & Barbaboo, WI, pp. 117-122.(download pdf)
_____. 1997. Crane Reintroductions Reviewed. Re-introduction News , 13: 13-15. (download pdf)
_____. 2001. Developing a Migratory Whooping Crane Flock. In: Proceedings of the 2001 North American Crane Workshop, 8: 85-94. (download pdf)
_____, John Wood and Ray Anderson. 1988. Release of Sandhill Crane Hand-reared with Artificial Stimuli. In: Proceedings of the 1988 North American Crane Workshop , pp. 255-261. (download pdf)
Polisar, J. 1992. Reproductive Biology and Exploitation of the Central American River Turtle Dermatemys mawii in Belize, Central America . M.S. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville.
_____. 1995. River Turtle Reproductive Demography and Eploitation Patterns in Belize: Implications for Management. Vida Silvestre Neotropical , 4(1): 10-19. (download pdf)
_____. 1996. Reproductive Biology of a Flood-Season Nesting Freshwater Turtle of the Northern Neotropics: Dermatemys mawii in Belize. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2(1): 13-25. (download pdf)
_____, and R. H. Horwich. 1994. Conservation of the Large, Economically Important River Turtle Dermatemys mawii in Belize. Conservation Biology , 8(2): 338-340. (download pdf)
Smith, G. W., K. L. Eckhart, and J. P. Gibson. 1992. WIDECAST Sea Turtle Recovery Action Plan for Belize , K. L. Eckhart, (ed.), CEP Technical Report 18, UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme, Kingston, Jamaica.
Horwich, R.H. 1974. Development of Behaviors in a Male Spectacled Langur (Presbytis obscurus). Primates, 15(2-3): 151-178. (download pdf)
_____. 1974. Regressive Periods in Primate Behavioral Development with Reference to Other Mammals. Primates, 15(2-3): 141-149. (download pdf)
_____. 1989. Cyclic Development of Contact Behavior in Apes and Humans. Research Report, Primates, 30(2): 269-279. (download pdf)
_____, S.J.H. Cogswell, J. Burrows, and N. Mitchell. 1982. Seasonal Vairation in Mother-Daughter Groupings in Siberian Ibex (Capra ibex). Zoo Biology, 1: 345-354. (download pdf)
_____, C. Kitchen, M. Wangel, and R. Ruthe. 1983. Behavioral Development in Okapis and Giraffes. Zoo Biology, 2: 105-125. (download pdf)
_____, and K. Gebhard. 1986. Relation of Allomothering to Infant Age in Howlers, Alouatta pigra, Old World Monkeys. In: Current Perspectives in Primate Social Dynamics, Part 1,Chapter 5, Social Organization and Behavioral Development, D.M. Taub and F.A. King (eds.), Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., New York, NY, pp. 66-88. (download pdf)
_____, and D. Manski. Maternal Care and Infant Transfer in Two Species of Colobus Monkeys. Primates, 16(1): 49-73. (download pdf)
_____, R. van Dyke, and S.J.H. Cogswell. 1977. Regressive Growth Periods as a Mechanism for Herd Formation in Siberian Ibex (Capra ibex). Zool. Garten N.F., 47(1): 59-68. (download pdf)
_____, and C. Wurman. 1978. Socio-maternal Behaviors in Response to an Infant Birth in Colobus guereza. Primates, 19(4): 693-713. (download pdf)
Ficken, R.W., P.E. Matthiae, & R.H. Horwich. 1971. Eye Marks in Vertebrates: Aids to Vision. Science, 173(4000): 936-939. (download pdf)
Horwich, R.H. 1965. An Ontogeny of Wing-Flashing in the Mockingbird with Reference to Other Behaviors. The Wilson Bulletin, 77(3): 264-281. (download pdf)
_____. 1966. Feather Development as a Means of Aging Young Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). Bird-Banding, 37(4): 257-267. (download pdf)
_____. 1969. Behavioral Ontogeny of the Mockingbird. The Wilson Bulletin, 81(1): 87-93. (download pdf)
Horwich, R.H. 1972. The Ontogeny of Social Behavior in the Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Advances in Ethology (8), 103 pp. (email for copy)
For Practitioners 
